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The representation of measurements by a graph, as in Figure 1, was not available to Galileo but was developed shortly after his time as a consequence of the work of the French mathematician-philosopher René Descartes.
Diameter of Mist Zone (Represented by "C" in Fig. 3) Open image in new window Fig. 3 Representation of Measurements.
Repeating the experiment leads to a different representation of measurements and thus to a different estimate (hat{ boldsymbol {p}}).
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Ludwik Finkelstein mainly contributed to this activity through several synthetic surveys and his formalisation of this theory includes a generalisation of the representation of measurement values to non-numerical sets.
Unlike the Boolean logic, where variables take only a true or false value (1 or 0), fuzzy logic deals with the degree of truth and variables may have any value between 0 and 1. Capability of fuzzy sets to express gradual transitions from membership to non-membership provides a powerful representation of measurement uncertainties (Klir and Yuan 1995).
The present paper aims to contribute to such a framework by operational widely-defined measurement and how the portfolio representation of measurement fits within operational widely-defined measurement and supports measurement of the kind of complex attributes often investigated in interdisciplinary research.
These kind of representation of measurement uncertainty will be illustrated in subsequent examples.
In addition, standard error of measurement (SEM) calculations were undertaken to provide a direct representation of measurement error.
The SEM is a representation of measurement error expressed in the same units as the original measurement.
One issue is the possibility of overfitting due to inadequate representation of measurement errors in the data [ 15], a problem that frequently leads to parameters being much more sharply defined than is justifiable given the data.
Figure 1 Examples of hand drawn representations of measurements of a single student.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com