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The parameters (k_{1}), (k_{2}) respectively represent the half saturation constants of prey and predator populations.
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represent the half-life periods of rapid and slow decreasing processes, respectively.
where s ∈ {sources}, d ∈ {sinks}, and p ∈ P. The following constraints represent the half-duplex nature of the radio interfaces of the mesh routers, which means that a link can be used for either transmission or reception but not for both: z ij + z ji ≤ 1 for all i and j (7).
The strain for the e31 geometry was obtained using the equation ϵ = 2 t′ × h/(a2 + h2), where a, h, and t′ represent the half-width of the arc, the height of the arc, and the distance from the strain neutral line to the center of the LiNbO3-PDMS composite layer, respectively[25].
Because the half-lives are calculated from the slope, they represent the half-life that would result if the instantaneous rate of clearance were to continue indefinitely.
Here we observed an average increase of 24% when compared to control considering both the experiments representing the half of the increase in productivity over 38 years [22].
The value of 1 represents the cut-off frequency, and 0.5 represents the half of the cut-off frequency, namely, Nyquist frequency.
represents the half-life period of recording rate R t).
This represents the half-way point on a logarithmic scale.
He needed someone to represent the other half.
The asterisks represent the Nyquist (half of the sampling) frequencies.
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