Before leaving the topic, an important discussion from economics needs mentioning, namely the question whether models of doxastic preference change are capable in principle to represent all preference changes.
The results from that discussion, which show that models of doxastic preference change are subject to relatively strong constraints, may therefore put doubt on the orthodox position in economics that models of doxastic preference change are capable in principle to represent all preference changes.
Lewontin (1974) has further extended Waddington's epigenetic landscape metaphor into a more dynamic genotype-epigenetic-phenotype (GEP) space to represent all evolutionary changes across generations.
For life cycle, we first fitted a full model with six parameters representing all possible changes between the three character states and then a simplified model with a single rate for all transitions.
Duhem started from the concept of the thermodynamic potential (the topic of his failed thesis), deploying it in a manner similar to that of potentials in mechanics, so as to represent all physical and chemical changes.
In current practice, it is extremely rare that biomarker changes accurately represent all of the effects of a therapy on the clinical outcome and, thus, it is essential that biomarker qualification does not distract from robust clinical end points.
Hillary Clinton wails that she will represent all Americans; she is a "change-maker" who will fight for families, and who can deny being drawn to such promises?
Axelrod continued, "So we had a very simple premise about the general election, which is that these Bush policies had failed, that McCain was essentially carrying the tattered banner of a failed Administration, and that we represented a change from all that.
Does it represent a change?
Even so, REI does represent a change.
