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Firstly, a loading cycle applied on a drift wall was performed to simulate the compression effect from bentonite swelling in a repository drift (bentonite is a clay material to be used to seal drifts and shafts for repository closure purpose).
There are those who have argued, on the basis of complex geochemical simulation models, that relinquishing control over radioactive materials to geohydrologic processes at repository closure is an acceptable risk.
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After an operational period of 100 years, the repository post-closure re-saturation time is estimated to thousands of years.
After closure, the repository will saturate with groundwater and cement porewater will migrate into the geosphere to form an alkaline (pH 12.5 13) plume.
Microbial activity generated in the near field of rocks during the geological environment that persists after the closure of a repository is likely to control nuclide retardation through the sorption of iron oxyhydroxide.
After closure of the repository in deep geological formation, groundwater in equilibrium with the host rock, forming the pore water, will saturate the engineered barrier system and come in contact with the nuclear glass waste package.
NUMO is responsible for selecting a permanent deep geological repository site, construction, operation and closure of the facility for waste emplacement by 2040.
Several independent coupled THM analyses presented in this paper show that THM couplings have the most significant impact on the mechanical stress evolution, which is important for repository design, construction and post-closure monitoring considerations.
Volume three deals with whether the repository could meet long term "post-closure" standards established by NRC to protect the public from radioactive waste.
European limits are often more stringent than the standard suggested in 1990 by the International Commission on Radiation Protection by a factor of 20, and more stringent by a factor of ten than the standard proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPAA) for Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository for the first 10,000 years after closure.
This information is of considerable importance for the practical design of a HLW repository and to assess any impact of the pre-closure conditions on the post-closure performance of the geological repository.
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