Industry officials say they support a coordinated but voluntary reporting system of reporting illnesses but contend that a regular survey of their members turns up an average of just two reports of stroke from phenylpropanolamine each year, only slightly more than what the drug agency has found.
Therefore, a review of published reports of stroke in Arab countries was undertaken to provide a background for designing future stroke studies in Arab populations.
In the British Regional Heart Study, study participants' reports of stroke and heart attack showed high levels of agreement with reports of stroke and heart attack from primary care records [ 17].
Polycythemia is known to produce increased rates of cerebral ischemia and there have been reports of stroke during testosterone induced polycythaemia (Krauss et al 1991).
There was significant accumulation of amyloid precursor protein in axons in the corpus callosum after stroke (Fig. 5A and B), consistent with previous reports of stroke impaired axonal transport (Valeriani et al., 2000; Wakita et al., 2002).
Compared with those with treated diabetes, those with untreated diabetes were more often immigrants and had smaller waists, lower glucose and insulin, less hypertension, and fewer reports of stroke, myocardial infarction, intermittent claudication, and kidney disease.
It was a retrospective analysis of data coming from a local registry; data obtained from registries might be biased towards under-reporting, because the report of stroke cases was left to physicians who had to fill a prespecified form and send it back to the Kyoto Medical Association; moreover, this modality of data collection may have introduced a selection bias, lack of logistical data.
There is however more uncertainty connected to the validity of self-reporting of stroke [ 33- 35]; Njølstad [ 33] found considerable over-reporting of strokes, largely explained by the phrasing of the question to include transient ischaemic attacks.
There is no report of stroke in ERATO.
One explanatory variable of ADL dependence in our sample was self-report of stroke.
