Participants with four or more conditions had more than six-fold odds of reporting depressed mood than people with no chronic illness (OR 6.28, CI 4.34 9.08), after controlling for age, gender and wealth.
The highest levels of depression were observed in people with chronic lung disease or stroke who had approximately three times the odds of reporting depressed mood as those without any illness (OR 3.04, CI 2.56 3.61 and, OR 2.94, CI 2.37 3.64, respectively).
Almost one-third of cases reported being depressed during their pregnancy (versus 4.4% of controls; OR 10.15), and more than half reported being under stress (versus 9.4% of controls, OR 11.55).
In a study conducted in April-May 2002, Bleich et al. [ 42] showed that over half of a national representative sample of Israel reported feeling depressed.
A number of participants reported being depressed for a long time before they were willing to accept they had depression.
More than 80% of respondents complained of feeling tired and >45% reported feeling depressed and/or miserable because of their AR/C.
7 As a result of these consequences, some CSOs report feeling depressed, a low quality of life and some even attempt suicide.
Like its predecessor, the 2014 survey report, which was released in April of this year, found high levels of mental distress among Ph.D. students—about 47% of Ph.D. students reported feeling depressed.
We generated a 'chronicity' variable which summed the number of periods a mother reported being depressed (0 3 periods); moreover, a binary variable of whether the mother had ever experienced depression in the period between the child's 1st and 16th birthday was also generated (0 = non-depressed; 1 = depressed).
Fifteen percent of the women reported being depressed during pregnancy and 10% took antidepressive medicines during the pregnancy.
