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Finally, they discuss the need for better IE sampling frames and call for more effort in establishing and reporting equivalence in cross-national studies.
Straus et al [ 22] reported superiority of amoxicillin over cotrimoxazole with other studies [ 23, 24] reporting equivalence.
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There are 5 landmark randomized trials comparing rhythm and rate control strategies that have reported equivalence in overall survival, and data from several trials suggest that the appropriate use of either approach leads to improvement in QOL.
Published studies either report equivalence of procedures [ 29, 30, 32, 34– 46] 46] or superiority of KP [ 31, 41, 42].
Participants who reported "equivalence" of study prednisone to their usual prednisone dose over the 12 weeks and elected to continue in the study were randomised to either 1 mg prednisone or identical placebo tablets for the "transfer" phase.
Most of the crossover studies listed in Table 2 that compared the efficacy of MPH and AMF in patients with ADHD reported equivalence in outcome measures for the two classes of stimulant at the level of the group mean.
Transfer: participants who reported "equivalence" over the 12-week period were assigned randomly to be "transferred" at a rate of a single 1 mg tablet per 4 weeks over the next 0 12 weeks from study prednisone tablets to either 1 mg prednisone or identical placebo tablets (table 1).
To address this shortfall, the new outpatient short course home oral therapy for severe pneumonia (NO-SHOTS) multicenter trial compared oral amoxicillin treatment at home on an outpatient basis to injectable ampicillin in the hospital and reported equivalence in treatment outcomes and similar safety profiles [ 5].
These approaches have recently culminated in the publication of two large prospective randomised trials (Freifeld et al, 1999; Kern et al, 1999) that have reported equivalence in terms of both efficacy and safety for an in-patient combination oral antibiotic regimen as compared with standard in-patient parenteral regimen.
We also extracted information on sample size calculations, reporting of equivalence or non-inferiority assumptions, reporting of funding, and authors' competing interests.
In Tables 1 and 2, we have numerically reported the equivalence of the energy of these potentials.
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