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This review gives an extensive overview of the recently developed parts and tools for i) modulating gene expression ii) building genetic circuits iii) detecting molecules, iv) reporting cellular processes and v) building RNA nanostructures.
The above examples reporting cellular functions for nuclear forms of secreted molecules often come from in vitro models.
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Current reported cellular metastructures can either achieve only tailorable thermal expansion or obtain only tunable Poisson's ratio.
Reported cellular toxicity studies using Jurkat and Hut-78 cells have frequently employed a variety of different biological solutions used to disperse NP powder samples prior to treatment.
Even though, signaling response does not always reflect actual cellular and mechanical changes, the studies that report them also report cellular and/or mechanical response in conjunction (Tables 2, 3, 4, 5), with in the majority of the cases showing corresponding in- or decreases.
Apple redesigned the antenna in the iPhone 4 CDMA after some original iPhone 4 users reported cellular signal attenuation problems as a result of holding the phone in certain positions.
These patterns are consistent with the previously reported cellular localization of full-length Ptc1 [34] [36].
We compared our microarray data sets with previously reported cellular expression patterns of each retinal gene obtained from published in situ hybridization data [37].
Moreover, we found that cell lines of other tumor histotypes (osteosarcoma and CRC) secreted exosomes expressing variable levels of CD63 and Cav1 (Figure S2), in line with the reported cellular expression of Cav1 in these cancers [31], [32].
Nevertheless, none of these studies reported cellular effects induced by the antisense RNA-mediated inhibition of GFAP beyond 72 hours, and it is therefore difficult to assess the stability of the inhibition achieved with these approaches.
This localization pattern is consistent with the previously reported cellular localization of endogenous Ptc1 [34] [36] and may correspond to multivesicular bodies and endosomes, likely representing transit through the secretory and/or endocytic pathways.
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