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Extracellular ATP has been reported to trigger the release of IL-1β by binding to type 2 purinergic receptors (P2 receptors) [8].
Lysosomal ceramide was reported to trigger the CTSD-mediated apoptotic pathway.
Furthermore, VES has also been reported to trigger the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, in this case via activation of Bax [ 51, 52].
ROS/RNS have also been reported to trigger the release of cytokines from immune cells, activate inflammatory cascades and increase the expression of adhesion molecules [ 3].
Nef has been reported to trigger the release of exosome microvesicles that are massively secreted to bystander cells upon T-cell activation [ 115, 116].
Infections in plants have been reported to trigger the production of families of pathogen related proteins that mediate systemic acquired resistance for self-defence [ 5].
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In order to obtain the specific genetic characteristics of this C. jejuni 07001 isolate reported to trigger this GBS outbreak, the whole genome sequence was determined and comparative genomic analyses between the 07001 genome and previously sequenced C. jejuni strains was carried out.
Although, the non-flavonoid, resveratrol has been reported to trigger some of the beneficial effects of red wine polyphenols including the activation of sirtuin and NO pathway, we have focused our attention on the flavonoid components of the red wine polyphenols such as delphinidin.
Changes in salinity have been reported to trigger drastic remodelling of the transcriptome of S. cerevisiae.
Interestingly, pknox1 inactivation was reported to trigger cell death in the zebrafish CNS (Deflorian et al., 2004).
Despite the above-mentioned mechanisms that were reported to trigger NLRP3 inflammasome formation, especially the proximal steps in NLRP3 activation are not well understood.
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