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The reported specificity of 18F-FDG PET in diagnosing cardiac sarcoidosis has been varied and relatively low compared with the sensitivity [9].
Non-mass-enhancing lesions exhibit a heterogeneous appearance in breast MRI with high variations in kinetic characteristics and typical morphological parameters[14 16] and have a lower reported specificity and sensitivity than mass-enhancing lesions.
The low reported specificity implies a high false positive rate for cytology.
Additionally, the cut off value applied in urine culture method detecting UTI is strongly suspicious to contribute considerably to the reported specificity of 0.60.
Altogether, these results demonstrate that HPV16-induced transformation reduces the p38 activity through E7 without affecting either the ERK or the JNK MAP kinases and are consistent with the reported specificity of p38 in oncogenic processes.
Overall, our results confirm the earlier reported specificity of the two Cry proteins and the lack of direct detrimental non-target effects under laboratory and field conditions [27], [28], [43] [45].
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Two small studies using different techniques of MRI with gadolinium contrast have reported specificities of 93 to 100% and positive predictive values of 53 to 100%[299, 30].
In contrast, studies from Tanzania, Zimbabwe and India reported specificities of 88%89%%.
The reported sensitivities were 91%and96%6% and the reported specificities were 98% and 99%.
Reported specificities in clinical studies range between 20% and 100% [ 6– 15].
This includes for example ELISA based on MPB70 and MPB83 in cattle, which have reported specificities of 89% and 96.4%, and sensitivities of 18.1% and 37.5% [ 46, 47].
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