Several reports describe propagation of Ca2+ signals between distant cells via TNTs, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.
Although we previously reported stochastic propagation of ERK activity pulse in a single cell to its neighbouring cells (Aoki et al., 2013), the propagation was restricted within an array of a few cells rather than firework-like round propagation covering more than 100 cells.
In [18, 19], the influence of crossing bridges and train stations were reported on propagation loss model.
Larsen et al. (2007) reported complex propagation of multiple small-scale structures within a banded structure, e.g., one structure moved toward N-NW while another structure moved eastward simultaneously.
Rinder et al. reported successful propagation of ABV in the chicken LMH hepatoma cell line (14 ).
Several studies have reported on propagation and conservation of the species [ 3], podophyllotoxin biosynthesis [ 4], derivatization of podophyllotoxin, and their mode of action [ 5].
Authors reported that cracks propagation followed the z-binder yarns leading to final failure.
A further problem, which has not been widely reported, is the propagation of the failure of one subsystem to other subsystems.
Tsugawa et al. (2011) have reported the zonal propagation velocity of TEC disturbances using high-pass filtered data with a cutoff period of 10 min along 37°N latitude from 05:00 UT to 09 00 UT after the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake.
With this result, we extend to a new configuration (multiple fronts), the results obtained for a single directional front propagation reported by both Måløy et al. (2006), Grob et al. (2009), and Tallakstad et al. (2011).
