Altered RD parameters in the corticospinal tract and the forceps minor were associated with reduced visuomotor abilities.The reported verbal fluency deficits and FA, RD and MD alterations in WM structures are potential cognitive and neural markers of BD.
In fact, one study has reported that letter fluency tends to be more severely affected than category fluency.
Negative results have been reported for verbal fluency [ 55], WM n-back tasks [ 11, 12, 17], and WCST [ 17, 64].
These studies found no adverse effect of epilepsy surgery, with mild gains of function reported in verbal fluency and attention following both left and right ATLR (Sherman et al., 2011).
The clinical literature has widely reported that letter fluency tasks, such as FAS, are much better preserved in patients with AD. 45, 69, 70 Our examination of specific ROIs indicated that PiB retention in the frontal region, which has been reported to bear a substantial amyloid burden, 7, 10, 13, 19 was related to NP performance, but there was no interaction with CR.
Lastly, in a double-blinded RCT in older adults supplemented with lutein, alone or in combination with DHA, Johnson and colleagues reported that verbal fluency scores improved significantly with the DHA, with lutein, as well as with the combined treatment groups [ 17].
In the ROI analysis that focused on the left inferior frontal and premotor region reported for phonemic fluency in functional imaging studies (see Table 1), we found no evidence that gray matter was higher for phonemic than semantic fluency (P > 0.05) irrespective of whether we centered our ROI on the coordinates from Mummery et al. (1996), Gourovitch et al. (2000), or Heim et al. (2008).
All surveys were performed in English and all respondents self-reported fluency in English.
Interestingly, even though hyperverbosity is a common feature of acute mania, a similar level of phonemic and semantic verbal fluency was reported between acute patients and HCs.
Similar results have been reported for other figural fluency tests [17].
