Cross-tabulation between individual RCTs and marketed and non-marketed products reported direction of effect and declaration of industry sponsorship, and conflict of interest was undertaken using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact t test as appropriate.
Previous associations were evaluated using a one-sided test based on the reported direction of effect.
In 59 of the 75 samples (78.7%) where the reported direction of change differed, the changes reported by both methods were minor (<1.4 fold).
In order to compare the results with the published associations we used a one-sided test based on the reported direction of effect.
Impact factor increases by 0.008 (0.004 to 0.012) per unit increase in trial sample size (P<0.001), but does not differ by reported direction of the LBP trial outcome (P=0.270).
We noted the reported direction of change (positive (statistically significant increase in access), negative (non-significant increase in access), inconclusive (mixed, for example initial increase that was not sustained)), and related this to the type of intervention or strategy used, the setting and provider, characteristics of the target population and the health system level targeted.
Here, we report direction-dependent trends for GH1, UH3, and UH5 of GU wobble pairs, AH2, UH3, and UH5 of AU pairs, and GH1 of GC pairs.
This study was underpowered to explore the influence of reported statistical support, adherence to CONSORT guidelines, multi-centre studies, and sources of funding on the quality of reporting, direction of results, and magnitude of treatment effect size.
Other studies have reported different directions of disagreement in different populations and within the same population, but studies of the directions within subdimensions have rarely been reported [ 47- 50].
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