Several studies reported depression prevalence in FMS between 20% and 80% [ 3, 4, 7].
Researchers have reported depression rates in North American women between 8% and 26% during the period one month to one year after the birth of a child [ 1- 5].
· Between 30 and 80percentt of parents reported depression, anxiety or both.
Further analysis indicated a strong relation between depression and reports of chest pain: 55.9% (5345/9556) of those saying that depression often made life difficult reported chest pain compared to 39.3% (13307/33861) of those not reporting depression.
While several cross-sectional studies have reported no association between depression and knee pain [ 8, 9], others have reported depressive symptoms to be related to pain at the knee (Salaffi et al [ 10]; Wright [ 11]), Understanding the relationship between psychosocial factors and pain at the knee is important if we are to optimally manage knee conditions.
Furthermore, headaches cause considerable disability in everyday activities, and a positive relationship has been reported between depression, anxiety, and disability in headache patients [15 18].
Next, we examined our third aim of whether PA and NA underpinned the associations previously reported between depression and reduced UG rejection [12].
Parental depression (present vs. absent) was defined as at least two parental reports of depression between 1989 and 2009 (prevalence = 27.4%), or TEMPO participants' reports of parental lifetime depression (prevalence = 21.1%).
Reported links between depression and post acute myocardial infarction (AMI) mortality may be due to confounding between somatic symptoms of depression and symptoms related to the AMI.
Several small studies from sub-Saharan Africa have reported correlations between depression and enacted stigma (experiencing discrimination) or internalized stigma (attributes discredited by society become internalized and accepted as valid by PLWHA) [34], measures that are typically used in studies where HIV status of participants are known.
