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After walking the students through these three steps, using brief examples but being careful to stay on track—I physically draw a line from the selection panel to a new replication panel, showing that the new variation now begins to spread because it was selected for (Fig. 1d).
Targeted post-hoc genotyping of the relevant SNPs in the German screening and replication panel was therefore carried out and confirmed the CD associations of ATG16L1, IL23R and DLG5 in our study sample (Table 4).
Using sequencing technology for the replication panel could have enabled us to narrow down the causal variant; however, due to the small sample size, we do not have statistically significant evidence for a better-associated (untyped) marker.
For the replication panel from Germany, additive genetic effects were modeled using logistic or linear (serum IgE levels) regression implemented in the ProbABEL software package [ http://www.genabel.org; Aulchenko et al., 2010].
To ensure adequate power, we required a minimum of 200 informative transmissions per SNP in FHS and AGRE and 50 in HUTT (with a reduced sample size in HUTT because it was considered a replication panel).
The magnitude of the effect was noticeably less in the replication panel, with each copy of the risk allele (A) of rs2286885 increasing IOP by 0.09 mmHg (95% CI: 0.03 0.14 mmHg).
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Therefore, future efforts to replicate the major findings of our study should also include those SNPs that yielded a significant p-value in only one of the replication panels.
Fine mapping around the NELL1 gene was carried out in replication panels B and D using HapMap tagging SNPs at a density of 8 kb (Figure 1, Table S3).
Subjects from two UK centres were used as replication panels.
Indeed, because these variants are rare and often population-specific, it might be difficult to find appropriate replication panels.
Subjects from two UK centres were used as replication panels: including 215 HNF1A-MODY, 2039T2DM, 39 HNF4A-MODY, 170 GCK-MODY, 17 HNF1B-MODY and 58 T1DM patients.
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