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Importantly, this matches the spectra of γ-OH-PdG-induced mutations that have been observed following intracellular replication of vectors containing the adduct in the 5′-CX-3′ sequences.
Sauthoff et al (2003) have also shown that the adenoviral vectors can be detected in the blood at 2 8 weeks after the intratumoral infusion, presumably due to the replication of vectors in tumours.
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In barcode sequencing experiments false positives may result from episomal replication of vector DNA or from nonhomologous integration of targeting vectors.
The inhibitory effect of the HSV-TK/amiRNA expression cassette on the replication of vector AdTO-TK-pTP-mi5x6 was determined by transducing 1.2e + 05 T-REx-293 cells with the vector at an MOI of 0.01 TCID50.01ll.
A similar situation occurs when other VLP are produced, such as adeno-associated viral vectors, which require the simultaneous expression of the structural and non-structural proteins, as well as replication of vector DNA in the same cell [ 9].
Replication of vector DNA containing α-OH-PdG in pol η-deficient XPV cells resulted in ∼10-fold reduced frequency of base substitutions relative to the XPA cells, while the complementation of XPV cells with pol η activity led to ∼2.4-fold increased frequency of base substitutions (87).
These data demonstrated that the controllable system was also functional when incorporated into adenoviral vectors and importantly, upon replication of these vectors.
To assess the contribution of NUMTs in ARS containing regions, we measured the replication efficiency of vectors containing both a NUMT and an ARS, or a deleted/mutated portion of them.
As the episomal maintainance of the pEPI-based vectors are dependent on the transcription into the S/MAR region [ 10], the replication of those vectors in cells without any activity for the promoter should not occur.
There appear to be no differences in the way NUMTs and ARS promote replication of these vectors, in spite of NUMTs being much shorter than ARS (37 236 bp and 489 839, respectively, for the sequences tested here).
Furthermore, the combinatorial expression cassette may constitute a safeguard to potentially control unintended replication of adenoviral vectors and to prevent immune responses provoked by them.
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