The reasons for choosing VADER are twofold: (i) the fact it is an open source tool, allowing easy replication of the procedures we performed in our study; and (ii) VADER's expressive results observed in previous experiments.
Bootstrap values were calculated from 1,000 replications of the bootstrap procedure by using programs SEQBOOT, DNADIST, NEIGHBOR, and CONSENSE of the PHYLIP package (19, 21 ).
The PFP was calculated as the ratio of the number of false combinations detected as significant to the total number of possible false combinations in 1000 replications of the simulation procedure.
Besides, it details the recruitment plan and presents an actual instance of the conceptual framework, which can contribute to the use and replication of the sampling approach procedures by SE researchers and practitioners interested on performing surveys in SE.
After 20 replications of this procedure, we found that if alignment blocks are set to be short with longer intervals, speciation times and population sizes were estimated precisely (fig. 1 C – H).
A novel, brain-specific cDNA, denoted CROC-4, was cloned from human brain by a contingent replication of cDNA procedure capable of detecting transcriptional activators of the human c-fos proto-oncogene promoter.
In our opinion, however, this attempt at replication is invalid because important elements of the procedure, the analysis and the statistics, as well as the interpretational assumptions, differed between the two studies.
The methods used for the demonstrations, for content processing by students through structured brainstorming, for the development of checklists and for the replication of procedures by students with simulators or simulated patients, followed published guidelines [ 10, 11].
