Sentence examples for replication of pathogens from inspiring English sources

Next, we investigated if BMDM obtained from fresh or frozen BM cells differ in their ability to support the intracellular replication of pathogens or to clear intracellular microbes.

Hosts with lower genetic growth potential are predicted to allocate a higher proportion of available nutrients towards the immune response, thus restricting the replication of pathogens within the host already during the early stages of the infection.

Replication of pathogens by three to five orders of magnitude may occur during sprouting, resulting in high pathogen levels on mature sprouts, despite the fact that initial densities are low and the pathogens dispersed irregularly throughout seeds (6 ).

For instance, while increasing temperature may help hosts to resist and eliminate pathogens through enhancement of immunity, elevated temperatures may also promote the replication of pathogens such as viruses (Thomas and Blanford 2003; Rojas et al. 2005).

Pyroptosis is an intriguing inflammasome-mediated host defense mechanism, which prevents intracellular replication of pathogens, by releasing their intracellular content into circulation and therefore targeting the destruction of surviving bacteria by phagocytes and neutrophils.

It was recently reported that Sp110 expression promotes the replication of intracellular pathogens, as in A. phagocytophilum, an obligate intracellular tick-borne pathogen that causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) in HL-60 cells, while silencing of Sp110 expression by RNA interference results in decreased levels of infection [ 53].

Iron is an essential growth factor for most bacteria and the acquisition of iron enhances the replication of many pathogens [16], [17], [18].

Several groups have investigated the effects of HIV-Mtb co-infection on the replication of both pathogens [39], [40], [41], [42] and the relationship between virus load and disease progression [7], [43], [44].

We next assessed whether the effect of Trx80 on replication of intracellular pathogens was dependent on the site of bacterial replication, and we therefore have investigated the ability of TAMs to control infection with Brucella abortus, a Gram negative bacterium that replicates in the ER of infected cells.

Macrophages have been shown to provide an intracellular niche for the replication of several pathogens.

However, a distinct set of cellular factors have also evolved to counteract the replication of viral pathogens such as HIV.