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The difference was observed in both the original APO-SUS and -UNSUS rats as well as the replicated lines.
Swenson et al. (2000a) selected aquatic ecosystems for the ability to degrade the environmental pollutant 3-chloroaniline in four replicated lines, and compared them with four lines in which parent ecosystems were randomly chosen without respect to their degradation ability.
We selected for large and small brain size (brain mass) relative to body size (body length; see Supplemental Experimental Procedures available online for details) in replicated lines and found that brain size responded rapidly to divergent selection.
To reduce the risk of such outcomes when combining potentially heterogeneous data from the replicated lines, we used a weighted maximum likelihood (ML) approach in addition to the standard ML approach (see Methods).
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For C. elegans, a nested ANOVA model including competition treatment, replicate line (nested within competition), and generation was fit, with competition and generation as fixed effects, and replicate line as a random effect.
Chill-coma recovery time was significantly affected by selection regime, rearing temperature, adult temperature, and replicate line, but not by inbreeding level and sex (Table 3A).
When considering the animals reared at 20°C separately, adult temperature, sex, and replicate line significantly affected longevity, but not selection regime and inbreeding level (Table 4B).
We examined 114 replicated experimental lines from a previous experiment [ 25].
No significant differences were observed between HAD-1 and HAD-2 or between LAD-1 and LAD-2 rats, indicating that the replicate lines performed similarly in this study.
Yet previous behavior experiment and the consistent GFP expression patterns among replicate lines strongly suggest that the observed signals are real.
Moreover due to genetic drift, allelic variation present within the base population might differ between replicate lines in selection experiments or between inbred lines often used in Drosophila association studies.
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