Hiring more outsiders might dilute this advantage by, as Josh Lerner of Harvard Business School puts it, "replicating the pathology of the public board".Sir David insists this is not his intention.
We Americans think of our rural American heartland as a lovely pastoral backdrop, but these days some marginally employed white families in places like Yamhill seem to be replicating the pathologies that have devastated many African-American families over the last generation or two.
Physiologically relevant rodent models are needed, which not only replicate the human pathology but also mimic the disease process.
A roadblock to the mechanistic understanding in part can be attributed to the inability of existing XP mouse models to replicate the neurological pathologies of XP patients (Nakane et al., 1995; Andressoo et al., 2009).
Detailed characterization of animal models is of great importance to determine how closely they replicate the human disease pathology and define their relevance for investigating pathological disease mechanisms and testing potential therapeutical approaches.
However, due to differences in the physiological traits and gene expression between mice and humans, mouse models cannot replicate the symptoms or pathology of human diseases in some cases [ 1].
Building on their development of the first culture system to replicate fully the pathology behind Alzheimer's disease, a Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) research team has now produced a system that includes neuroinflammation, the key biological response that leads to the death of brain cells.
While all transgenic mouse models generated to date fail to replicate completely the pathology observed in human AD, they have offered valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms of AD and have provided a useful preclinical platform with which to test potential AD therapeutics [ 1].
Another stumbling block has been an over-reliance on mouse genetic models, which for the most part have not faithfully replicated the human pathology and phenotype.
In order to overcome some of the limitations of the neurotoxin models of PD, attempts have been made to create new models which replicate the progressive nature of the pathology and its α-synuclein basis [ 55], but this has not really been done to any great extent to look at the survival, integration and functional impact of fetal VM dopaminergic grafts.
