Originally observed by Kohn [33], this finding has been replicated often, first by seminal work from Easterbrook [34] demonstrating a restriction in the range of cues attended to under stress conditions (tunneling) and many other studies (see [35]).
However, due to noise, this means that for large displacements a random value will be replicated often in the interpolated A-scan that is used as input for the residual computation.
Any centrosome that replicates too often, or fails to replicate at all, can leave the daughter cells with an abnormal set of genes.
Designers of early typographic books in Europe attempted to replicate manuscripts, often designing type styles based on current manuscript lettering styles.
When the machine does the "control" and "replicate," I often see that, despite knowing the control is a given value, the machine measures it higher, or lower.
Fragile loci are intrinsically difficult to replicate and often coincide with chromosomal breakpoints in tumors (Gorgoulis et al. 2005; Yunis 1984).
In recent years, a number of evolution experiments have been performed with microbes to examine the extent of divergence among replicate populations, often finding evidence of striking parallel evolution at phenotypic and even genetic levels [ 10- 22].
However, the variance across replicate measurements often differs significantly between the biological samples and this data on measurement uncertainty is not retained by the summarization and consequently not considered in following statistical analyses.
We observed for each replicate, how often the ergatoid male was in direct contact with the different pupae and how frequently it performed antennation behaviour, biting, smearing, and copulation attempts.
The effect is analogous to the advantage of rarity – we may call it the " advantage of phenotypes" - : since "enzymes" replicate more often and they always yield "genes", it is the latter that become more abundant.
