We conducted five replicates of the study in February 2011 and 15 replicates between December 2011 and February 2012.
Here, r ij is the fold change, p ij is the average detection P-value and e ij is the standard error of the ratio derived from the experimental replicates of the study.
In other words, those individual replicates of the study finding a high regression coefficient for NO2 found a low coefficient for outdoor traffic Lnight, and vice versa (see Supplemental Material, Figure S1A).
For microarray studies, the score of the i-th gene in the j-th study, sij, was computed as described in Rasche et al. [ 26]: Here rij is the fold-change, pij is the average detection p-value and eij is the standard error of the ratio derived from the experimental replicates of the study.
Resulting 'sky islands' provide a natural laboratory of habitat replicates for the study of recent genetic divergence [ 9- 11] and a geographical setting in which to test the paleoecological hypothesis of postglacial habitat fragmentation.
Each replicate stage of the study included procedurally different parts A and B according to the subdivision of the raters into subgroups of 10 and 2. Thus, the study included replicate parts I-A and II-A with 10 different raters in each and replicate parts I-B and II-B with 2 different raters in each.
We can consider our samples as real (independent) replicates of the studied sites because repetitive sampling was done independently from one sample to the next and the biological system under consideration is dynamic (the river water flows so the actual sampling space will never be the same from one moment to the next).
The experimental setup was designed to replicate that of the studies in [14, 15] for comparative purposes.
I tried to replicate the spirit of the study, using Google Surveys to gauge the attitudes on job-replacing-technology on union workers vs. people who work in the tech industry.
The use of the blank comparison in this study did not have the function of determining stimulus control routes; this technique was used to replicate the tests of the study by Wilkinson and McIlvane (1997), which was also used by Costa et al. (2001) and Domeniconi et al. (2007), aiming to allow an increased number of possible responses by not reproducing forced choice trials.
