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Boudeau et al.6 defined a new pathotype of this bacterial species named adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC), which has been associated with CD patients by several independent groups2,3,4,7,8,9,10. AIEC possess the ability to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells as well as to survive and replicate inside macrophages6.
C. pneumoniae survive and replicate inside PMN as shown by the transcriptional activity data and increased LPS expression, however, we did not succeed to transmit chlamydial infection from PMN to epithelial cells, which are primarily used for culture of chlamydiae.
Here, we for the first time identify the ability of Legionella pneumophila to invade and replicate inside diverse types of primary human endothelial cells, including endothelial cells obtained from the lung.
Very few studies that have been carried out on the involvement of CHDs in virus replication have predominantly focused on viruses that replicate inside the nucleus.
The virus cannot replicate inside the caterpillar, because all of its replication machinery is inside the wasp.
In particular, we are interested in how bacteria that replicate inside mammalian cells create specialized vacuoles that support pathogen replication.
Both viruses replicate inside the nucleus.
The investigators found that PPAR-delta was required for salmonella to replicate inside macrophages.
Phage (short for bacteriophage) are viruses that infect and replicate inside bacteria.
That could limit their effectiveness against viruses that replicate inside cells.
Viruses are infectious agents that replicate inside organisms and reveal a plethora of distinct characteristics.
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