Sentence examples for replicate evolution from inspiring English sources

However, a replicate evolution in which the phage DNAP was prevented from evolving exhibited a similar lack of fitness decline.

Although these results confirm that adaptation to sulfate limitation proceeds via the amplification of the SUL1 gene, the kinetics of the amplification and the final copy number achieved varied between the replicate evolution experiments, suggesting that each population experienced different evolutionary trajectories over the course of sulfate-limited adaptation.

Furthermore, the likelihood that a particular isolate will resolve to the same ploidy state in replicate evolution experiments is only ∼50%, supporting the idea that the chromosome loss process of the parasexual cycle is random and does not follow trajectories involving specific combinations of chromosomes.

Skateboards have also been subject to an evolutionary process that replicates evolution by natural selection in that the users of skateboards receive feedback on the utility of particular designs, which can come in the form of a great ride or scrapes and contusions.

Trait reconstructions of Australian egg-and-bacon peas suggest that bee-pollination syndrome is the ancestral form and that there has been replicated evolution of bird-pollination syndromes.

Under a scenario of replicated evolution of a trait (here bird-pollination syndrome) it is expected that, in most cases, the trait will have evolved in slightly different ways because the lineages are independent, although they might be closely related.

Estimated relative cell densities of the A, SS and FS types during three replicated evolution experiments by Herron and Doebeli (2013, Figure 2 ), starting with the same ancestral E. coli strain.

We found multiple independent origins (replicated evolution) of bird-pollination syndromes within the Australian egg-and-bacon peas with few, if any, reversals back to a bee-pollination syndrome.

The Australian egg-and-bacon peas exhibit replicated evolution of bird-pollination syndromes, with little evidence that there have been switches back to an ancestral-type bee-pollination syndrome.

Whole-tree based methods support this pattern: CoEvol found a phylogenetically independent, significant positive correlation between SVL and RSB, reflecting the fact that most mantellids are both small and have small range sizes, and hinting at replicated evolution of this phenotype within the mantellid radiation.

These controlled laboratory experimental strategies to replicate the evolution of EIDs will therefore allow the development and assessment of novel techniques in mitigating EIDs, safeguarding human and animal health, food security and global ecosystems.