When LLINs are lost over time and not replenished, programme effect is the average number of people protected over a 10-year period.
The changes in the levels of biomarkers suggested that IA HA treatments may have cartilage-protective effects, anti-inflammatory effects, and SF viscosity-replenishing effects.
Another difference is that cohort studies analyze the deaths of a group of individuals, whereas the population of a TS study is in effect replenished continuously because deaths rates are normalized to a constant reference population, without identification of individuals.
As argued above, at small drug doses, substantial concentration of sIL-6Rα remains in circulation and any IL-6/sIL-6Rα complex blocked by the antibody is quickly replenished, negating the effect of targeting the complex.
A consequence of this from a treatment perspective is that if a sclerostin mAb is dosed with a small dosing interval, and the mesenchymal-derived pre-OB do not have sufficient time to be replenished, the anabolic effect of the mAb will be diminished with repeated doses.
In particular, compounds from the 'tonifying and replenishing medicinal' class exhibit a hypoglycemic effect [2] which can be connected to SGLT 1 and 2 [3] and PTP1B [4].
From this perspective, therapies aiming at replenishing lost myocytes may have beneficial effects in allowing reverse remodeling of atrial myocytes after cardioversion, leading to sustained restoration of sinus rhythm.
Next consider the effects of the RDR mechanism of replenishing the dsRNAs in the cell.
When drift is included in stochastic simulations, gene flow can facilitate local adaptation in peripheral populations by replenishing genetic variation lost to drift, although drift effects are weak in most tree populations due to large effective population size.
That will take a particular kind of special effect -- cooling down our overheated planet and replenishing our damaged food supply.
