No one is suggesting replacing teachers or professional social workers with volunteers.
Replacing teachers who score badly is cheaper and more effective, provided that administrators can get around strict union rules on sackings.
A third of teachers (34%) reported that their schools were not replacing teachers who leave, while 14% said teachers at their schools were being made redundant.
The school board said classes would continue for more than 84,000 students, with substitute teachers and administrators replacing teachers who refused to cross picket lines.
Officials say some districts may have to cut courses like art and drama, curtail gym and classroom maintenance, or forgo replacing teachers who retire.
"Almost every head I speak to is thinking about not replacing teachers who do leave, or is having to lay off staff within the next year or two," said Hobby.
The findings confirm conclusions in other studies that replacing teacher-centered traditional practices with more student-centered practices will not necessarily result in more learning for all students.
In Florida, automatic learning software is replacing teachers, who have been reciting similar lectures for years.
Computers are a long way from replacing teachers in instructing students.
A number of schools in the Netherlands are pioneering a revolutionary method of learning - replacing teachers and textbooks with tablet computers.
The question can't be about replacing teachers (or replacing doctors) either, and while monetizing and standardizing is a natural part of the evolution — you have to empower.
