In relation to the three Rs of replace, reduce and refine at this stage, the SPR assay may not be a replacement tool but a reduction tool for the number of animal assays performed for regulatory purposes.
The Color Replacement tool can be very useful for replacing one color (or range of colors) with another color.
However, in our opinion, when we seek replacement of serotyping as a tool for individualization, this sensitivity is not sufficient and perhaps FAFLP is not capable of distinguishing between the outcomes of genetic recombination or erroneous serotyping.
Pre-clinical experimental wear testing of total knee replacement (TKR) components is an invaluable tool for evaluating new implant designs and materials.
Although urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) is useful as a prognostic tool for initiating renal replacement therapy (RRT) [1], determining the timing of initiating RRT for septic shock with acute kidney injury (AKI) may be difficult.
The application of the new replication-thermosensitive integrative vector pNZTM1, containing this marker, pheSBsT255S/A309G, with a two-step replacement recombination procedure provides an effective tool for the genetic engineering of industrially important Bacillus species.
By expanding these parameters onto an appropriately selected PC basis, the resulting PC-NARX metamodel achieves vast reduction in computational time with sufficient accuracy, yielding a suitable tool for implementations where replacement of computationally costly models is sought.
By utilizing the immunogenic properties, mRNA-based gene transfer offers a promising tool for both transcript replacement and vaccination approaches, respectively.
By reducing or utilizing the immunogenic properties, mRNA offers a promising tool for gene/or transcript replacement.
They cost an average of $1.38 million each in the fourth quarter— not to mention additional charges of hundreds of thousands of dollars annually for training and replacements for tools disposed of after each procedure.
