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In the present study loosening of model cemented joint replacement specimens was examined under cyclic loading and the fatigue strength of the bone/cement interface was characterized.
In a first phase, mixes were proportioned by volume and batched with 0, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60percentt Portland cement replacement; specimens were cured in a dry and wet environment.
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Tissues were from joint replacement surgery specimens provided by the Orthopedic/Plastic Surgery Department, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK (covered by ethics approval RREC 1752), after receiving signed and informed patient consent and anonymization.
The effects of the RCA replacement ratio, specimen cross-sectional shape, FRP type, and concrete strength were studied.
M1 is thought to represent acute inflammatory changes in degenerative disc disease, on the basis of fibrovascular replacement in histopathological specimens of subchondral bone marrow [ 1, 2].
Type 2 MC (M2) shows increased signal intensity on both T1w and T2w, and it appears as yellow marrow replacement in histopathological specimens.
Fragmentation of all SLRPs in normal age-matched, nonfibrillated knee articular cartilage was less than in fibrillated articular cartilage from the same knee joint or total knee replacement articular cartilage specimens of similar age.
Through the ongoing RAAK study [ 24] we sampled 23 donor joints (66.9 ± 9.9 years) with primary osteoarthritis during joint replacement surgery; cartilage specimens from areas visibly affected by the osteoarthritis process (osteoarthritis cartilage) and areas that appeared macroscopically intact (preserved cartilage) were taken for mRNA isolation and were analyzed pairwise.
As opposed to hadrosaurs, which had thousands of teeth constantly being replaced, tooth replacement in heterodontosaurids occurred far more slowly and several specimens have been found without a single replacement tooth in waiting.
Accordingly, UCS and electrical resistivity tests were conducted on cemented specimens with replacement contents of 0.2%1%% nanosilica of 15 and 80 nm at 7, 14 and 28 days.
For binary composite specimens the replacement ratios of limestone or slag ranged between 6 and 15%.
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