Replacement of solutions: only a single solution can be replaced with a new solution in NSGA-III, MOEA/DD, and (theta )-DEA, while multiple solutions in the neighborhood can be replaced with a new solution in MOEA/D. 5.
Radiolabel uptake experiments were initiated by replacement of wash solution with 200 μl Na+-free solution (pH 5.5 unless stated otherwise) supplemented with [H]amino acid (0.01 10 mM, 5 μCi ml− 1).
In Figure b data pertain to measurements involving removal (i.e. replacement of the solution).
A second replacement of the solution causes the IEP to further lower to about pH 5.5, and the third replacement shifts the IEP to pH 5.
This enabled the quick replacement of recording solutions (≤3 min).
The use of the P nutrient stock solution and partial replacement of the culture solutions (approximately 60% of the volume) ensured that concentrations of the major nutrients were maintained within ± 10% of desired set point level during the acclimation periods in PNT.
The rate of infusion of replacement solution was coupled to the blood flow, aiming at stable citrate concentrations in the extracorporeal circuit.
The effect on the deposition of dilution of the bulk solution in contact with the surface was also investigated by gradual replacement of the bulk solution with 1 mM aqueous NaCl.
To determine whether florfenicol treatment should include daily replacement of the bathing solution, the concentration of florfenicol was measured for 10 days in 20°C bathing solution containing either 10 μg/ml or 100 μg/ml florfenicol.
Replacement of the ideal solution Fickian diffusion model, typically used in battery simulations, with a more general non-ideal solution model shows substantially smaller gradients of lithium within particles than is typically observed in the literature.
