The MEK seeks the peaceful replacement of the regime in Iran with a democratically elected government, and for this reason its supporters face death under the mullahs' regime in Iran.
Where territorial waters comprise straits used for international navigation (e.g., the straits of Gibraltar, Mandeb, Hormuz, and Malacca), the navigational rights of foreign shipping are strengthened by the replacement of the regime of innocent passage by one of transit passage, which places fewer restrictions on foreign ships.
One document, headed "UK/Libya eyes only - Secret", showed the security services had monitored LIFG members since their arrival in Britain following a failed attempt to kill Gaddafi in 1996, and understood their aim was the replacement of his regime with an Islamic state.
Its initial objective was the overthrow of Mr Karimov, a former Communist official who has run the country since Soviet times, and the replacement of his regime with an Islamic republic though it has since broadened its objectives to seeking Islamic government across all of Central Asia.
When replacement of an existing regime by a novel regime takes place, one can speak of system innovation.
The party remains popular among Shias, and also among many Lebanese Christians who share a doom-laden view of Syria's troubles, fearing a replacement of its secular regime by an Islamist government, reflecting the fact that some 75% of Syrians are Sunni Muslims.But Shia discomfort is growing.
But the war meant, above all, the replacement of a Sunni regime by a Shia one.
There were also further reforms tightening the conditions for unemployment benefit receipt and reducing its generosity over this period, most notably the replacement of the old regime of unemployment benefits with Jobseekers' Allowance in 1996.
More often than not, they simply resulted in the replacement of one autocratic regime with another -- the French Revolution of 1789 being the archetypal case.
Mr de Bernieres, whose best-selling Captain Corelli's Mandolin is set during the second world war, writes that in principle he favours forcible replacement of Stalinist and fascist regimes with democracies.
Hanoi insisted on an unconditional U.S. withdrawal and on the replacement of the U.S.-backed regime of Nguyen Van Thieu by a neutral coalition government.
