"There's a great replacement of populations at work, let's be frank," she said, adding that the most "terrifying symptom" of this was the arrival of refugees.
Le Pen, who is standing as MEP for the south-east seat, added: "This massive immigration risks producing a real replacement of populations if we don't arrive in power soon enough to put an end to the politics of decadence that has been followed for decades".
Biodiversity at its local (alpha) level, which is most frequently measured in monitoring programs, is not merely lost or gained, but may shift its composition through replacement of one species by another, through genetic replacement of populations or species through introgressive hybridization, and through the collapse of distinct populations and species into fewer.
This may result in partial or complete replacement of native populations, reduced population size, and loss of genetic diversity.
Although when population is at a rise, additional demand for exports may be created, Nurkse implicitly assumed that developed countries are operating at the replacement rate of population growth.
Many pest management programs, especially those involving replacement of pest populations by transgenic population, require permanent establishment in the environment and may require the use of "drive" mechanisms.
To depict the variance of the underlying populations, 10,000 bootstrap samples (random samples with replacement) of each population were taken, and a probability density function of the variances of the bootstrap samples was plotted.
Alternatively, as the liver experiences continual replacement of cell populations, the cell populations with altered methylation might have been replaced by week 12 from progenitor cell pools in which DMR methylation was normal.
That is below the rate needed for the natural replacement of the population, making Singapore increasingly dependent on foreign labor and raising the specter of an aging population and higher social welfare costs.
