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It is a replacement of concrete things with abstractions.
Therefore, the limit of MSWI bottom ash replacement of concrete was 30%%.
Bolted connectors could be an alternative to replace conventional welded headed studs between steel girders and concrete slabs, which may benefit prefabricated construction and replacement of concrete slabs considering the life-cycle design of steel-concrete composite structures.
Finally at 90 days of curing, more C S H gel was formed in presence of RHA thus the percentage of water absorption in U series (up to 10 wt.% replacement of concrete by RHA) was more than those of FN series.
The experimental tests demonstrate that: (i) gangue material give better properties to the concrete, (ii) it allows the replacement of concrete as filler in bituminous concretes, and (iii) it allows the reduction of the amount of cement used in "in situ" safety barriers in road construction.
EPS concrete is an especial type of lightweight concrete made by partial replacement of concrete's stone aggregates with lightweight expanded polystyrene beads (EPSs).
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The experimental results show that the effects of CSS replacement on concrete properties depend on the size particle distribution of the global aggregate after replacement, and that the angular shape of CSS particles can contribute to a better arrangement.
The repair procedure involved removal and replacement of loose concrete, followed by installation of longitudinal and transverse CFRP sheets.
To establish the suitable proportion of RHA for the partial replacement of cement, concrete mixtures with 0 30% RHA were produced and their mechanical properties were determined.
This response can be attributed to the unsymmetrical damage in the original column, the unsymmetrical removal and replacement of loose concrete during the repair procedure, and possibly some original displacement at the beginning of testing the repaired columns, which was due to the fact that the repaired column was not perfectly straightened.
Compressive strength values of hydrated geopolymer mixes containing different SF contents from 0 up to 10 wt.% as partial replacement of waste concrete at different curing times of 1, 7, 28, and 90 days at room temperature are shown in Figure 8.
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