These two taxa appeared in textbooks as an example of replacement by competition.
The replacement of GSCs involves competition between stem cells.
In this context, the extent of replacement depends on the degree of competition, but also on serotype specific transmission characteristics, which determine the ability of non vaccine serotypes to re-colonize the ecological niche released by vaccine serotypes.
Replacement control research has recently focused on screening native species for competitiveness, mechanisms of competition, and natural ecosystem restoration effects [ 9, 12, 13].
This includes L1 activity before and during the first branching within placentals [2], [10], plus cycles of competition, extinction and replacement of L1 which is well documented in primates and rodents [34] [36].
"The replacement will only be able to compete if an accredited athlete is sick or injured and that athlete is taken out of competition and replaced".
In 2014 he missed several months of competition after undergoing knee-replacement surgery.
While different modes of competition may influence serotypes equilibrium prevalence, replacement may occur only in case of direct competition in the absence of long-term immunity [ 6].
The extent of serotype replacement under large-scale vaccination depends on the strength of competition between vaccine and nonvaccine strains.
In the aftermath of the Civil War, Southern plantation owners imported around 4,000 Chinese laborers as replacement for, and competition to, former slaves who escaped, he said.
"Any replacement to the percentage of carbon fuels is going to help lessen the dependence on foreign oil," said John Darby, managing director of competition at Nascar.
