We assumed that input costs obtained from the accounts section of AMH, PHARMID, SNNPR Health Bureau, and replacement values of capital items reflected market values of the inputs.
Seventh, as summarized in Table 4 the rise in productivity due to replacement of vintage capital is derived from the results for Japan shown by Hagiwara and Matsubayashi (2014), using the data from 1980 to 2007.
It is evident, from the cases of POSTECH and SKKU, that in order to transform universities to perform knowledge-generating functions within knowledge-based economies, replacement of physical capital, modification of curricular and pedagogy, and creation of wider institutional ecology, including better funding, become indispensable.
Leverage Total borrowings + preference share capital Replacement value of Capital stock Gross fixed assets subject to the specification used by (Fazzari et al., 1988; Atheny and Laums, 1994; Bhaduri, 2005) GDP implicit price deflator RBI data on GDP implicit price deflator for manufacturing firms subject to base year 2004 2005.
It has been claimed that high employers' contributions particularly damage labour-intensive firms and encourage the replacement of labour with capital.
I'm looking to do capital repairs instead of capital replacements.
"The direction of travel in Europe is clear: the incremental replacement of banks by the capital markets," says Simon Samuels, an analyst at Barclays.The banks themselves or at least the universal banks, which combine commercial and investment banking—are often happy to help this process along.
"The financial stability plan outlined last week ensures that there is capital available where it is needed, and that it is provided in a way that will facilitate the replacement of public support with private capital," said a spokeswoman for Mr. Geithner, Stephanie Cutter.
Plans to construct a replacement factory ship have been put on hold for lack of capital to invest in upgrading the fleet.
The results revealed the metropolises (including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, etc) and cities along the Yangzi river (e.g., Changsha) have the lowest Emergy-based Sustainability Index (ESI) values, thus suggesting that emissions greatly reduced the sustainability of the urban socioeconomic system by pulling resources for damage repair and for replacement of lost natural and human-made capital.
