The Athena EcoCalculator for Commercial Assemblies was used in analysis of life cycle stages of resource extraction and construction; maintenance, repair, and replacement of building assemblies; and disposal.
A graph-theoretic algorithm is used to decompose the design into modules that facilitate the future replacement of building components, allowing buildings to be more easily adapted to changing user requirements.
An analysis of urban development supported the estimation of buildings age and their remaining lifetime while national standards supported the time of replacement of building elements during the use phase.
In this paper replacement beams of building structures are developed, and the stiffnesses of the replacement beams are derived.
It is also likely that there are varying views on the replacement values of building components, although only one view (that of the GAR15 workshop) was used here.
It is a grudging orthodoxy, among New Yorkers, that replacement — of buildings, businesses, blocks, and bars, even of friends, spouses, and jobs — is inevitable and even exhilarating.
Mr Smith, the engineer, warns that melting permafrost a mix of frozen mud and water that underlies much of the state will force the replacement of buildings and roads.
He refers to Japanese city's continuously changing appearance due to replacement of buildings of various types and heights, which he discusses, may look disorderly from outside perspective, but it is what he calls a 'hidden order' which corresponds to the Japanese way of living and thinking.
The potential of scaffolding technology has opened up the future possibility of building replacement organs for the human body such as livers and kidneys.
Steve Cardownie, Edinburgh city council deputy leader, said: "Our attention now turns to finding a high calibre replacement, an individual capable of building upon the platform laid by Sue during her years in post while taking on the undoubted challenges we face as a council in the years ahead".
Under an agreement approved during a meeting of the Burbank-Glendale-Pasadena airport Authority board Monday, a consultant will begin to study the environmental impacts of building a replacement terminal at Bob Hope Airport – or deciding not to build at all.
