These two taxa appeared in textbooks as an example of replacement by competition.
In each replacement series, population competition pressure (PCP) increased with increasing proportion of the older cultivar, indicating that the older cultivar was a strong competitor.
In the aftermath of the Civil War, Southern plantation owners imported around 4,000 Chinese laborers as replacement for, and competition to, former slaves who escaped, he said.
Using a similar model, Zhang et al. (19) argued that vaccination is likely to induce notable replacement only under competition in colonizing hosts, whereas acquired cross-immunity may not be an important determinant of population-level effects.
The 23-year-old has also made 16 appearances for Newcastle as a replacement in all competitions.
Last year, he had a hip replacement before returning to competition to win bronze at the European Championships.
After Eurotunnel appealed against the June 2013 verdict from the Competition Commission, its replacement as regulator, the Competition and Markets Authority CMAA), has confirmed that allowing the Channel Tunnel operator to run a ferry service would give it a majority of the local cross-Channel market and lead to higher fares.
Sir Alex Ferguson acknowledged it was a "strange" contest given United's two goalkeepers, Anders Lindegaard and Ben Amos, were both called on to make a series of excellent stops, proving they are not going to let David de Gea cement the job of Edwin van der Sar's replacement without some significant competition.
The replacement of GSCs involves competition between stem cells.
The village priest held a competition for its replacement.
