Gene replacement or acquisition of additional paralogs via HGT cannot be detected using this method and can lead to underestimation of gene transfer.
Thus, we conclude that the comb-like topology and low statistical support observed in clade A is an anticipated outcome of an underlying evolutionary process in which repeated symbiont replacement or acquisition events occur in a short time period.
Results showed that cyclic, but not continuous, E2 replacement facilitated the acquisition of spatial memory in place-learners.
Indeed, of 738 candidate transfers identified by Prunier, additional similarity searches (see Materials and Methods) suggested that 416 were likely "xeno-COGs" wherein one or more member(s) were derived from homologous gene replacement or independent acquisition events involving donors from outside the genus Listeria.
In [14], with the minimum acquisition and replacement cost of energy storage system in the life cycle of wind farm as the optimization objective, the optimal allocation model of energy storage capacity is established.
It remains unclear whether these affiliations in the ATPase tree reflect independent acquisition or replacement of this gene in different groups of PLV or are due to long-branch attraction and other phylogenetic artifacts.
This indicates that a process of symbiont acquisition (or replacement) in which a slowly-evolving progenitor gives rise to more rapidly evolving symbiotic descendants is expected to yield a tree with a comb-like topology that has little statistical support.
Nonetheless, the diverse origins of dinoflagellate POR proteins reflect the propensity of members of this taxon for foreign gene acquisition, endosymbiont replacement and genetic remodeling (e.g., [ 32, 62- 64, 90, 91]).
Subjects who acquired the contingencies in an OFF medication state and received their dopamine replacement therapy after the acquisition phase, but before the performance phase, had the same level of overall accuracy as subjects who both acquired the contingencies ON medication and performed ON medication [paired t-test comparing ON ON with OFF ON, t(1,12) = −0.03, P = 0.97].
The White House issued the announcement late on Monday, stating that Obama will call for speeding up by two years – to 2020 from 2022 – the acquisition of a replacement heavy icebreaker.
