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However, several studies clearly show that this information is frequently biased, mainly as a consequence of aggregated survey patterns in which taxonomists repeatedly select localities with specific characteristics.
To be able to compare the evolvability of strains with different degree of robustness, the empirical studies mentioned above had to repeatedly select for robustness.
Similarly, the Wadsworth Center has developed a spelling program which uses the P300 "oddball" response (visual attention related amplitude increase with 300 ms. latency) to repeatedly select groups of visually presented letters which contain the target letter [[25] [29,10x]].
After maturation, individuals repeatedly select between allocation of energy to reproduction or maintenance [50], and despite being physiologically equipped for reproduction and having the potential to spawn, many individuals will divert energy into other processes such as growth, maintenance or a stress response to maximise their fitness [51].
Another approach would be to repeatedly select strictly for high seed/ovule ratios for many generations.
In the IGT, participants repeatedly select a card from the top of four decks, indicated as A, B, C, and D. Each selection returns an immediate win, with the amount dependent on the chosen deck.
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The binary tournament selection strategy repeatedly selects one parent regarding n from each pair of two randomly selected individuals until all n pop parents have been selected.
In a previous action-selection task, we observed that patients with PD "on" medication repeatedly selected the same response in their action-selection decisions, and response repetition in these patients was linearly related to disease severity.
The selection of such pathways (also repeatedly selected in all phases of fed-batch cultures 1 and 2) illustrates the ability of the method to tap on key metabolic adaptation processes.
Resampling at some time s ℓ is based on given non-negative (unnormalized) selection weights v s ℓ i for each particle index i: One repeatedly selects particles with probabilities p ℓ i given by the normalized selection weights (16) p ℓ i : = v s ℓ i ∑ ν = 1 N v s ℓ ν.
The vulnerable in any species do not survive, while helpful traits are repeatedly selected.
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