This would require further study including a time trend to explore whether this is a repeating trend over 5 10 years.
In addition, this may contribute to considerations regarding "global" versus "local" trends: a trend that occurs within only one or a few related species is by definition more local than one that appears only in comparisons across many species, although repeated anagenetic trends within multiple lineages may bespeak an especially strong global tendency.
Orthogonal polynomial terms were used to characterize the longitudinal variation in repeated measures trends and random effects were employed to account for subject-level variance in repeated measures.
The mantra is repeated throughout "Trends in Newsrooms 2010," (TIN) a rich guide for editors and publishers struggling with slumping circulations, shrinking revenues, layoffs, closures, shifts from print to online, and, competition from social media and citizen journalism.
The first was an unadjusted model that included only the repeated measures trend terms and main effects and interactions between the repeated measures trend terms and EM/CM status (with EM as reference).
Additionally, to verify that results from the trend analysis were not affected by differences in the 2011 sampling approach, we repeated the trend analysis on every other sample, and compared the P-values with those of the five year sample.
Nonetheless, if it is assumed that the dose-response relationship will change relatively slowly over time, then the bias introduced by error in the dose-response estimates can be taken to be similar in each repeated future trend estimate.
We repeated the trend analyses using cumulative dose instead of dose rate.
And Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates has warned against repeating historic trends, in which the nation cut money for the armed services after a period of warfare.
A history of massive deforestation linked to large-scale infrastructure projects (notably roads) in the Brazilian Amazon, and government plans for more such projects, has spawned debate about ways to avoid repeating past trends [12] [14].
