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Somatic TNR expansion is measured by two different methods, namely mean repeat change and instability index.
Although the studied loci appeared relatively stable over several generations in vitro, a single repeat change was previously reported for fnVNTR-4 in F. noatunensis subsp. noatunensis GM2212 following successive culturing at 20°C [ 11].
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K1 S3 Affirm repeat changes T Changes what?
Differentiation is based on repeat changes due to point mutations, insertions, deletions and duplications [ 3].
A similar proportion between single and multiple repeat changes was detected.
Both VNTR 2 and 33 were highly variable among the eight isolates and demonstrated multiple repeat changes.
Furthermore, multiple repeat changes predominated among this second group of alleles, which correspond mainly to the locus O157-10.
The mechanism of instability has been assumed to be cumulative accumulation of short repeat changes with age, typically one-repeat additions or subtractions.
Across these studies, mutations were more frequently observed in loci with long alleles (more repeat units) and most were single repeat changes with gains more frequent than losses.
In contrast, en masse expansion (Fig. 1A, lane 1) or contraction (Fig. 1A, lane 2) is quite different in terms of the frequency and length of repeat changes.
Such single repeat changes are shown to occur in 80% of mutational events with equal chance of being an insertion or a deletion [ 54].
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