In these constrained-optimization simulations, the evolutionary benefit of "genetic repair" strategies was compared between populations that access repair templates derived either from parents, grandparents or great-grandparents.
The section where the repair cost derived by deterministic and probabilistic approaches are identically calculated is 20% for OPC, 30% for SG30, and 40% for SG50.
These issues were mainly attributed to deficient vehicle maintenance and repair practices, derived from bus companies' unwillingness or incapacity to take appropriate care of their vehicles.
Biochemical analysis demonstrated that the content of glycosaminoglycans and hydroxyproline is comparable in repair tissue derived from treated and control defects.
However, it cannot be excluded that the enhanced tissue repair is derived from host cells recruited to the defect in response to the implant, rather than the re-population of the tissue by the implanted MSCs.
Marquass and colleagues [ 72] reported superior histologic findings in repair tissue derived from precultivated MSCs in comparison to chondrocytes at 1 year post-implantation in sheep.
However, we found the repair levels of HCT116 decreased about 60%% in G-I, 35%% in T-I, 66%% in A-I, and 38%% in C-I substrates when compared to repair levels derived from HeLa cells (Table 1).
MRI and arthroscopy have shown that repair tissue derived from MSC and BMDC transplantation contains hyaline-like cartilage and integrates within surrounding native tissue within 24 months of implantation [ 80, 81, 85– 87, 91] (Table 2).
However, other groups have not used these techniques [ 80, 81, 84, 90, 91], possibly because the repair tissue derived from microfracture or subchondral drilling may produce fibrocartilage that is mechanically inferior to hyaline cartilage [ 9].
