For instance, Smc2 and Ycs4 are two SCD proteins belonging to the condensin complex whereas Mms21, an E3 SUMO ligase, and Nse4, belong to the Smc5-Smc6 complex, which is involved in DNA repair, cohesion and recovery of stalled replication forks [ 48, 49].
Another large class of Rtd− mutants play roles in DNA repair, chromosome cohesion, and chromosome segregation.
For efficient DNA repair, the cohesion activity of cohesin is necessary, consistent with the idea that cohesin holds DNA strands and ends in repair-proficient proximity.
Also identified were candidate proteins that are involved in a variety of cellular functions, e.g. DNA damage repair, ubiquitination, chromosome cohesion, DNA replication, and transcription regulation.
Recently, Anderson et al. [15] studied 33 genes involved in meiosis or meiosis-related tasks, such as, chromosome segregation, achiasmate segregation, crossover regulation, double-strand-break formation, heterochromatin binding, recombination and/or repair, sister-chromatid cohesion, spindle assembly, and telomere maintenance.
Distinct expression usually suggests an important role of interested proteins during biological processes, and it has been shown that PCNA serves as a key factor in many essential cellular processes, such as DNA replication, DNA repair, sister-chromatid cohesion, DNA damage avoidance, cell cycle control, and cell survival [26], [27], [28], [29].
Moreover, putative associating partners identified for each of the three core components fell into functional categories such as DNA damage repair, ubiquitination, chromosome cohesion, chromatin modification/remodeling, DNA replication, cell cycle and transcription regulation, nucleotide metabolism, RNA processing, and nuclear transport.
For example, we previously identified novel roles for CDC4/FBXW7 (a classical cell cycle regulator) and MRE11A (a DNA repair protein) in cohesion [ 7].
The proteins inventoried here are involved in creating meiotic double-strand DNA breaks and in subsequent meiotic DNA repair, crossing over, and cohesion of sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes, which when found together are compelling evidence for their potential interaction in processes resembling meiotic recombination.
Ctf7 is also required for sister chromatid cohesion during repair of DNA double strand breaks.
Cohesin tethers together regions of DNA, thereby mediating higher order chromatin organization that is critical for sister chromatid cohesion, DNA repair and transcriptional regulation.
