This implies that incentivising smallholders to incur transaction costs to reach remunerative markets lies in measures that would increase yield (as discussed already), well-functioning farmer associations and offering remunerative prices for produce.
These requirements are often beyond the capacity of small-scale enterprises, leading to their exclusion from the more remunerative markets (Abonyi, 2007).
From 2005 to 2009, the project Increasing incomes and food security of small farmers in West and Central Africa through exports of organic and fair-trade tropical products assisted farmer groups and small exporters to help them overcome these challenges and take advantage of these remunerative markets.
Step one in commercialisation of smallholder agriculture is participation, which is significantly influenced by yield; the second step is selling at remunerative sources (market centres), which is influenced by these three variables (yield, FBOs and price).
To that list, one might add the work of the Gates Foundation--supported, in part, by the Buffett family fortune--in supporting inner city charter schools, which offer the promise that the contemporary poor might compete in today's demanding, but potentially remunerative, labor markets.
For direct marketing and for more sophisticated (appreciative) markets, the selection and distinction of particular products is the more likely and more remunerative way to achieve market expansion.
Eventually I was forced to switch to the more remunerative Chinese secondary-school market.
The minimum wage can then, as originally intended, be used to improve the conditions of those working in the least remunerative sectors of the labor market.
A substantial share (estimated at 30 to 35percentt) of the organic fruit and vegetables produced in France is exported to the United Kingdom, Scandinavia, Germany and Switzerland, where prices are reportedly more remunerative than in the domestic market.
