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To assess whether samples with identical genotypes were the result of asexual reproduction, we estimated allelic frequencies using the method described by Parks and Werth (1993), in which subsampling is used to remove upward bias towards rare alleles that may distinguish genets.
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In a Finnish study (Guo et al., 2004) the participation rate was essentially 100%, but removal of confounding by education, quartz, asbestos and smoking was still needed to adjust for residual confounding and to remove the upward bias in unadjusted ORs.
In order to calculate the percentage agreements, the I statistics, and the P-value for the treatment effect between the MD and the SMD, we used the inverse variance method meta-analyses that are included in SAS, Ver. 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc .. We defined SMD as Hedges' adjusted g to remove any upward bias that might have arisen because of small sample sizes [ 16].
I have removed an upward trend, because for short-run analysis it is interesting to look at deviations from trends.
Numerical results are provided for parametric studies, yielding two main conclusions: (a) bilateral clamping is an effective way for removing the upward pulse of the local SIF oscillation induced by crack interaction.
Mud removes debris upward and holds oil down during drilling.
In the experiment, the microarray surface was first equilibrated with the buffer solution, followed by the injection of HA protein solution (marked by a downward arrow) and, after some time, the injection of washing buffer to remove the unbound HA (upward arrow).
Gently pry the bars upward and remove the broken tile.
Grab the stem and run your gloved hand upward to remove all the leaves at once.
If Mexican feather grass grows in your area, grab a clump of it and pull your hand upward to remove a handful of hairy seeds clinging together.
Position the strike on a twenty or thirty degree angle and begin to tap lightly upward to remove unwanted wood with the flat side of the chisel facing outward.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com