Finally, Ruppin described another approach aimed at reconstructing tissue-specific models of metabolism by successively removing dispensable reactions and then activating other reactions known to occur in the tissue of interest.
The environment, including the physical and chemical conditions of the habitat and the biological cohorts of the microbial communities, applies selective pressure on the species to acquire and retain beneficial cellular functions and remove deleterious or dispensable ones.
We manually reviewed the results to remove pseudogenes and questionable variant calls due to mis-alignments (for example, KCNJ12, HYDIN), olfactory receptors (for example, OR9G9, OR9G1), as well as 'dispensable' genes with high frequency loss-of-function mutations in populations [ 20, 26], and we were left with a list of six candidate genes.
If a belief base is inconsistent, then it can be made consistent by removing enough of its more dispensable elements.
The dispensable cytokines were removed from the recipe until the minimum cytokine combination was achieved.
Of course, not all individually dispensable genes can be removed at once from an organism, meaning that a collection of single knock-out experiments cannot itself provide instructions for constructing a minimal organism.
Researchers cite other cases in which organs were presumed to be so dispensable that they could be removed "prophylactically" — often with unfortunate outcomes.
Network pruning removes elements of the network that are dispensable for the protected functions and delivers a subnetwork of the full system.
The typical project begins with structure activity relationship (SAR) studies in which various functional groups of the small molecule of interest are modified or removed to determine which one(s) are dispensable for drug activity.
On the basis of such information and advances in molecular engineering, improved host systems have been developed in recent years, including a genome minimized strain of S. avermitilis where 1.4 Mb of the dispensable genomic region has been removed to develop an efficient and versatile host.
