The random removal operator randomly removes q requests.
The worst removal operator randomly removes requests while biasing the selection towards requests whose removal would improve the objective function value the most.
The removal operator, ⊖, is such that A⊖B is a sequence obtained by "removing" each element of B, b i, from A. This operator assumes that the original sequences A and B are known so that A⊖B=A.
In terms of destroy operators these are the random removal operator, the worst removal operator, and the related removal operator; in terms of repair operators, these are a greedy insertion heuristic, and k-regret insertion heuristics.
Finally, in the related removal operator the selection of requests is biased towards related requests.
In every iteration of the related removal operator, we bias the choice towards those requests that are the most similar to all requests that have already been removed.
In every iteration of the proposed LNS, before a removal operator is applied to the incumbent solution, the number of requests to be removed q has to be determined.
They also introduced a twin-removal operator [ 36] to remove duplicates from the GA population.
A former snow-plow operator who has lived in Colorado for 45 years, Plank manages all maintenance and snow removal operations for 700 miles of county roads.
