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Some are thought to assist in defence, while others aid in feeding or in the removal of organisms attempting to settle on the starfish's surface.
Disturbances consisted in the mechanical removal of organisms from experimental plots of either 50×50 or 100×50 cm.
Disturbances consisted in the mechanical removal of organisms from experimental plots through a standardized procedure that reproduced the effects of wave shock during heavy storms [56].
Variable results were observed for antimicrobial effectiveness; some wipes showed complete removal of organisms while others showed some to no reduction.
However, unnecessary chemoprophylaxis may be associated with adverse reactions, increased antibiotic resistance and removal of organisms, such as Neisseria lactamica, which help to protect against meningococcal disease.
In one study in rural South Africa, type of container was shown to affect rates of removal of organisms during storage: indicator organisms persisted in borehole water in polyethylene containers longer than they did in galvanized steel containers (Momba and Notshe 2003).
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In a hump-backed response, a mild stress would enhance the removal of dominant organisms, and promote an increase in diversity as other (normally less-abundant organisms) proliferate to fill the niche.
Activation of innate immunity initiates various cascades of reactions that largely contribute to defense against physical, microbial or chemical damage, prompt for damage repair and removal of causative organisms as well as restoration of tissue homeostasis.
Next, for practical application of magnetic separation system using superconducting magnet for removal of aquatic organisms, particle trajectories were simulated and magnetic separation experiment using superconducting magnet was performed in order to design magnetic separation system to achieve high separation efficiency.
Approximately once per month data were downloaded from receivers and any required maintenance (e.g. removal of biofouling organisms and battery change) was performed.
However, even following removal of these organisms the communities are still significantly different, suggesting that the differences are not due to a bloom of one or two organisms, but rather a fundamental shift in community composition.
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