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It is assumed that the cross section of the shear walls remains plane when an in-plane wall deformation occurs.
The design concept is based on the half-concave geometry, in which the radiating surface is concave while the other surface remains plane.
Solutions are developed for axially loaded and spring-mounted cylinders, assuming that the combined multi-layer cross-section remains plane after deformation (generalized plane strain).
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Now, take the hand that was wrapped around their neck and sweep it down to the floor too, working it up and down while your other hand remains planed on the floor.
With respect to control of the width of a flexural crack, ACI 318 adopts the model of Frosch (1999) to calculate this width if the plane remains a plane while the member is stressed; reinforcement strain is distributed uniformly; the strain of the concrete is negligible and the crack width increases linearly with the distance to the neutral axis in the tension zone, as shown in Fig. 1.
After that, the compressive and tensile stresses at each layer can be calculated by assuming that the plane section remains a plane at a given curvature.
We proved that only when there exists an initial orthotropic axis which is orthogonal to the sheet, the rotation of the orthotropic axes remains in plane, i.e. in the plane of the sheet, during a plane deformation process.
In order to satisfy the assumption of "a plane normal to the axis remains a plane normal to the curved axis after bending" in the beam theory [10], the y′ axis is set to be normal to the curved axis x′.
A great simplification occurs if we can assume that the scattering field inside the cells suffers insignificant perturbation, i.e., it remains a plane wave.
The most powerful image of the 21st century remains the planes-turned-missiles hitting the Twin Towers in 2001.
Beyond a critical solvent concentration, initially isotropic cast solution rapidly develops optical anisotropy as detected by out of plane birefringence measurement while it remains isotropic in plane.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com