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These thresholds rely on observed values (see Fig. 1), and they imply a mortality decline for all ages at a minimum of 0.5% and at a maximum of 3.5%.
Literature review shows that previous studies mainly rely on observed vehicle motion/location data for assessing vehicle collision risk, where predicted vehicle motion/location, driver behavior and road geometry (e.g., curvature) are rarely considered.
Clinicians may have to rely on observed behavior changes, or the reports of others close to the individual to make a diagnosis.
These models are based on means and covariance structures and rely on observed scores.
21 While multivariable modelling and traditional propensity score analyses attempt to address treatment selection bias, they rely on observed confounders.
The unweighted algorithms do not rely on observed weather data and so are relevant for any location.
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When the navigators got close to the Equator, these stars fell below the horizon; there it became necessary to rely on observing the altitude of the noonday Sun and calculating latitude with the aid of an almanac.
Double-blind randomised controlled trials are possible when looking at short term effects, but over the longer term, we have to rely on observing what people choose to do, and accounting for the other differences that might exist between people who choose to use cannabis, and people who choose not to.
When studying wild bird populations, controlled breeding is usually impossible, hence quantitative genetic analyses rely on observing or reconstructing relatedness between phenotyped individuals.
LUR, however, generally relies on observed spatial relationships between distributed sources and pollution measures, rather than meteorological or physio-chemical information.
However, a feasibility test-based tool, relying on observed data and probabilistic modeling, could be implemented in our system involving MRSEs.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com