The use of molecules in reprogramming is seen to be a safe method as they use discrete pathways rather than rely on modification to reprogram cells, which makes this process a safe one.
Salt-induced quiescent and recovery growth phases rely on modification of cell cycle activity, cell expansion, and cell wall extensibility.
This is not necessarily the case for DNA methylation and DMS footprinting assays, as both methods rely on modification of DNA occupied by core particle N-2 for detection of Pho4 binding at UASp2.
Unlike systems such as ventral marginal zone explants from Xenopus embryos and lateral or posterior mesoderm explants from chick embryos, the AC/AE model does not rely on modification of pre-existing posterior mesoderm, as cardiac mesoderm is induced de novo by the signals from the relevant source, gastrula-stage anterior endoderm.
Similarly, the adaptive radiation of the lower jaw in cichlid fish (teleosts), namely the difference in craniofacial anatomy between Labeotropheus trewavasae and Metriaclima mbenjii, two closely related rock-dwelling cichlid genera with very different feeding behavior, relies on modifications in expressions of genes belonging to the Shh pathway [ 72].
MAP relies on modification of the atmosphere inside the package, controlled by the gas transfer through the packaging that leads to an increased shelf life.
A third possibility is that the anti-migraine action of VNS relies on modification of transmitter release from efferent parasympathetic fibers innervating dural vessels, e.g. fibers stemming from the spheno-palatine ganglion.
Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) relies on modification of the atmosphere inside a package, achieved by the natural interplay between the respiration of the product and the transfer of gases through the package.
The conventional strategy for genetic interaction screens in Drosophila using a collection of UAS mis-expression insertion alleles (Rørth 1996) often utilizes tissue-specific GAL4 drivers and relies on modification of visible phenotypes in adult eye, wing, leg, or notum (Arancio et al. 2010; Kwon et al. 2013).
These mechanisms rely on reversible modifications of DNA (most commonly DNA methylation and histone modification) that affect gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.
